UK calculators handle the parts of everyday math that are different in Britain and Europe: VAT instead of sales tax, repayment and interest-only mortgages, the National Living Wage, ISAs, stones and imperial gallons. These free UK calculators also cover European VAT rates and show the working for each result.
Quick answer: The UK standard rate of VAT is 20%, with a 5% reduced rate and a 0% zero rate, so £100 plus VAT is £120 and £120 less VAT is £100. The National Living Wage is £12.71 an hour for workers aged 21 and over from April 2026, and the ISA allowance is £20,000 in 2026 to 2027.
How to use these UK calculators
Each of the UK calculators opens with a worked example, so you see an answer before you type. Pick the UK or the country in tools with a country setting, and set the currency to pounds or euros.
- Choose the calculator from the decision table below or the cards above.
- Select the UK or your European country, and the currency symbol.
- Type your numbers. Rates such as a mortgage rate are editable examples, not quotes.
- Read the answer, open the working, then copy the result or the link.
Together the UK calculators and the European VAT table cover most British questions. Everything runs in your browser, and nothing is sent to a server. The results are estimates for planning, not tax, legal or financial advice.
Which UK calculator do I need? A quick decision table
This table matches common UK and European questions to the right tool among the UK calculators. The link text names each one, so you can scan for your own question and open the UK calculator that fits it.
| If you want to… | Use this calculator |
|---|---|
| Add or remove VAT at 20%, 5% or 0% | VAT calculator |
| Compare repayment and interest-only mortgages | Mortgage calculator |
| Compare personal loan or car finance payments | Loan calculator or Car loan calculator |
| Grow an ISA or savings account | Compound interest calculator |
| Plan retirement with a workplace pension and State Pension | Retirement calculator |
| Turn an hourly wage into a yearly salary | Hourly to salary calculator |
| Add up hours, breaks and pay for a week | Work hours calculator |
| Check overtime against the minimum wage | Overtime calculator |
| Work out a weighted grade or a degree average | Weighted grade calculator |
| Check BMI from stones and pounds or kilograms | BMI calculator |
| Convert UK mpg, Celsius, grams and cups | MPG calculator, Temperature converter or Cups to grams converter |
| Count working days around bank holidays | Business days calculator |
| Schedule a call between London and New York | Time zone converter |
| Estimate the cost of running an appliance | Electricity cost calculator |
UK tax calculators: VAT at 20%, 5% and 0%
UK tax calculators on this page cover VAT, the tax added to most goods and services. GOV.UK lists three rates: a standard rate of 20%, a reduced rate of 5% for items such as children’s car seats and home energy, and a zero rate for items such as most food and children’s clothes. Businesses must register for VAT when taxable turnover is more than £90,000. The VAT calculator adds or removes VAT at any rate.
Example: £100 plus 20% VAT is £120, so the VAT is £20. To remove VAT, divide by 1.20: £120 ÷ 1.20 = £100. At the 5% rate, £100 becomes £105, and a price with VAT included has VAT equal to one sixth of it at 20%, so £120 contains £20.
Income tax and National Insurance depend on your income, region and allowances, so use the HMRC tools for those. Stamp duty on property is a separate tax with its own bands on GOV.UK. Our VAT and loan tools cover the pricing and borrowing side of UK tax calculators.
UK and Europe calculators: what changes between countries
The UK and Europe calculators share formulas, but the defaults differ. The UK left the EU, so UK VAT is set by the UK government, while EU member states follow the EU VAT Directive. Currency is pounds in the UK and euros in much of Europe, and the currency menu changes the symbol shown, so enter each amount in the same currency.
| Topic | United Kingdom | Europe (EU) |
|---|---|---|
| Sales tax | VAT 20%, 5%, 0% | VAT, standard 17% to 27% |
| Fuel economy | Miles per imperial gallon | Liters per 100 km |
| Body weight | Stones and pounds, or kg | Kilograms |
| Temperature | Celsius | Celsius |
| Clock changes | Last Sunday in March and October | Same two Sundays |
| Date order | Day, month, year | Day, month, year |
VAT rates in Europe: from 17% to 27%
The EU VAT Directive sets a minimum standard rate of 15% with no maximum, and countries may add reduced rates. In practice the standard rates run from 17% in Luxembourg to 27% in Hungary. Rates change, so confirm with your national tax authority before you issue an invoice.
| Country | Standard rate | Reduced rates |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 20% | 5% and 0% |
| Germany | 19% | 7% |
| France | 20% | 5.5% and 10% |
| Ireland | 23% | 9% and 13.5% |
| Netherlands | 21% | 9% |
| Spain | 21% | 10% |
| Italy | 22% | 5% and 10% |
| Poland | 23% | 5% and 8% |
| Sweden | 25% | 6% and 12% |
| Hungary | 27% | 5% and 18% |
| Luxembourg | 17% | 8% |
For example, €100 net becomes €119.00 in Germany at 19%, €123.00 in Ireland at 23% and €127.00 in Hungary at 27%. Pick the country in the VAT calculator and the standard rate fills in.
UK mortgage calculator: repayment or interest-only
A UK mortgage calculator compares two types. A repayment mortgage pays interest and capital every month and clears the debt by the end of the term. An interest-only mortgage pays only the interest, so the full loan is still owed at the end and you need a plan to repay it. On £250,000 at 4.5% over 25 years, repayment costs £1,389.58 a month and £937.50 interest-only. Over the term, repayment costs £166,874 in interest, while interest-only costs £281,250 and leaves £250,000 owing.
| £250,000 at 4.5%, 25 years | Monthly payment | Total interest | Owed at the end |
|---|---|---|---|
| Repayment | £1,389.58 | £166,874 | £0 |
| Interest-only | £937.50 | £281,250 | £250,000 |
Many UK deals are fixed for two to five years, so rerun the mortgage calculator when your rate changes. Choose the UK setting, set the currency to pounds and put council tax in the notes, not the property tax box, because council tax is separate from the loan.
Pay, minimum wage and holidays in the UK
GOV.UK lists the National Living Wage as £12.71 an hour for workers aged 21 and over from April 2026, £10.85 for ages 18 to 20, and £8 for under 18s and apprentices. A 40 hour week at £12.71 is £508.40.
Almost all workers are entitled to 5.6 weeks of paid holiday, which is 28 days for a 5 day week, and bank holidays can count toward it. The 48 hour weekly limit is averaged over 17 weeks unless a worker opts out. Use the hourly to salary calculator and the work hours calculator to test your own pay.
UK employers do not have to pay overtime at a higher rate, but pay averaged over all hours must not fall below the minimum wage, and the contract usually sets the overtime rate. At £12.71 for 37.5 hours a week for 52 weeks, the yearly pay is £24,784.50. Enter a contract multiplier in the overtime calculator.
ISA, pension and retirement calculators for the UK
The maximum you can save in ISAs in the 2026 to 2027 tax year is £20,000, across cash, stocks and shares, innovative finance and Lifetime ISAs. Workplace pensions have a minimum total contribution of 8% of qualifying earnings, of which the employer pays at least 3%. The retirement calculator treats a workplace pension and any ISA as savings and the State Pension as other income, which is a weekly amount that depends on your National Insurance record. Check your forecast on GOV.UK.
UK grade calculator: degree classes and GCSE grades
A UK grade calculator has to match the UK scale. Degrees use classes: First at 70% and above, 2:1 at 60 to 69%, 2:2 at 50 to 59% and Third at 40 to 49%, although each university sets its own rules and often weights later years more. GCSE results in England use grades 9 to 1, with 4 a standard pass and 5 a strong pass. The weighted grade calculator works with percentages and weights for coursework and exams, and the result is an estimate of the final grade.
UK units: stones, miles and imperial gallons
British measures are a mix, and the UK calculators for units handle each one. Body weight is often given in stones and pounds, and one stone is 14 pounds, so 11 stone 4 pounds is 158 pounds or 71.7 kg. Distances use miles, while fuel is sold in liters but fuel economy is quoted in miles per imperial gallon. An imperial gallon is 4.546 liters, about 20% larger than a US gallon, so 40 UK mpg is 33.3 US mpg or 7.06 liters per 100 km. The MPG calculator converts all three.
In the kitchen, the UK has no official culinary cup, so recipes use grams, milliliters and fluid ounces. A metric tablespoon is 15 mL. Ovens are in Celsius, and fan ovens run cooler than conventional ones, so use the temperature converter and the cups to grams converter for gas marks and weights.
UK BMI calculator in stones, pounds and kilograms
The NHS uses the standard adult BMI bands: 18.5 to 24.9 is a healthy weight, 25 to 29.9 is overweight and 30 or more is obese, with lower thresholds for some ethnic backgrounds. A person at 180 cm and 75 kg has a BMI of 23.1. The BMI calculator accepts stones and pounds, pounds and inches, or kilograms and centimeters, and BMI is a screen, not a diagnosis.
Dates, bank holidays and time zones in the UK and Europe
In the UK the clocks go forward at 1 a.m. on the last Sunday in March and back at 2 a.m. on the last Sunday in October, which is March 29 and October 25 in 2026. EU countries change at the same moment, 01:00 UTC, on those two Sundays. Because the United States changes a week later in autumn, London and New York are 4 hours apart between October 25 and November 1, 2026, and 5 hours apart otherwise. The time zone converter applies the rules by date.
Bank holidays differ between England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, and public holidays in Europe differ by country and often by region. Add them to the extra days box of the business days calculator. UK and European dates are written day, month, year, so check which order a tool expects.
Real-life uses for UK calculators
- Pricing. A freelancer quoting £800 plus 20% VAT sends an invoice for £960, using the VAT calculator.
- Buying a home. Compare a two-year and a five-year fix on the same £250,000 loan with the UK mortgage calculator before you speak to a broker.
- Working. Check that a 40 hour week at £12.71 clears £508.40, and add holiday to see the yearly figure.
- Studying. Turn module marks into a degree average, then see which class you are on.
- Driving abroad. A car that does 45 UK mpg uses 6.28 liters per 100 km, which is how most of Europe quotes it.
Key terms for UK calculators
These terms appear across the UK calculators, so it helps to know what each one means before you type a number.
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| VAT | Value Added Tax, 20% standard in the UK |
| National Living Wage | The minimum hourly pay for workers aged 21 and over |
| Repayment mortgage | A loan paid down to zero over the term |
| Interest-only mortgage | A loan where you pay interest and still owe the capital at the end |
| ISA | Individual Savings Account with tax-free growth up to a yearly limit |
| Bank holiday | A public holiday in the UK, set separately in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland |
Questions people ask about UK calculators
Is there a free online calculators UK option for VAT?
Yes. The VAT calculator is free and adds or removes VAT at the UK standard, reduced or zero rate, and at European country rates. Type the price, choose add or remove, and read the VAT amount and the total.
Which UK tax calculators do I need for income tax?
Income tax and National Insurance depend on your pay, region and allowances, so use the official HMRC calculators for a result you will rely on. These pages cover VAT, loans, mortgages, savings and pay arithmetic.
How do I use a UK mortgage calculator?
Enter the loan, rate and term, then choose repayment or interest-only. Compare the monthly payment and the total interest, and remember that an interest-only mortgage leaves the full loan owing at the end.
Frequently asked questions
9 quick answers
What are UK calculators?
UK calculators are tools that use British rules and units: VAT at 20%, repayment and interest-only mortgages, the National Living Wage, ISAs, stones and miles per imperial gallon. They show the formula and the working for each result.
What is the VAT rate in the UK?
The UK standard VAT rate is 20%. The reduced rate is 5% and the zero rate is 0%, according to GOV.UK. A business must register for VAT when taxable turnover is more than £90,000.
How do I calculate VAT?
To add VAT, multiply the net price by 1 plus the rate: £100 × 1.20 = £120. To remove VAT, divide the gross price by 1.20, so £120 ÷ 1.20 = £100. The VAT itself is £20.
What is the National Living Wage in 2026?
From April 2026 the National Living Wage is £12.71 an hour for workers aged 21 and over, according to GOV.UK. Workers aged 18 to 20 get £10.85, and under 18s and apprentices get £8.
How much is a £250,000 mortgage a month?
A £250,000 repayment mortgage at 4.5% over 25 years costs about £1,389.58 a month. Interest-only costs £937.50 a month but leaves the £250,000 owing at the end of the term.
What is the ISA allowance for 2026 to 2027?
You can save up to £20,000 in ISAs in the 2026 to 2027 tax year, across cash, stocks and shares, innovative finance and Lifetime ISAs, according to GOV.UK.
How many stone is 100 kg?
One stone is 14 pounds, or 6.35 kg, so 100 kg is 15.75 stone, which is about 15 stone 10 pounds. The BMI calculator accepts stones and pounds directly.
Is UK mpg the same as US mpg?
No. An imperial gallon is 4.546 liters and a US gallon is 3.785 liters, so a UK mpg figure is about 1.2 times the US figure. 40 UK mpg equals 33.3 US mpg.
Do the UK calculators cover Europe?
Yes. The UK calculators and the VAT calculator include European country rates, the time zone converter handles European daylight saving, and the unit tools use metric. Local rules for pay, tax and mortgages differ by country, so check your own.
Related calculators and country hubs
- Main hub: all free online calculators
- Other countries: USA calculators, Canada calculators, Australia calculators
- Most used UK calculators: VAT calculator, mortgage calculator, hourly to salary calculator, percentage calculator
- Practice: money worksheets and measurement worksheets
Sources and further reading
- GOV.UK: VAT rates
- GOV.UK: National Minimum Wage and National Living Wage rates
- GOV.UK: Individual Savings Accounts
- European Commission: VAT rates
- GOV.UK: when do the clocks change
Last updated: October 2026.